Genótipos de vírus de papiloma humano em carcinoma de células escamosas de cabeça e pescoço na Colômbia / Human papillomavirus types in cases of squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck in Colombia

Estimar a prevalência de tipos do vírus de papiloma humano (HPV) em câncer de cabeça e pescoço (CCP) é relevante para se prever o impacto da vacina contra o HPV. OBJETIVO: Estimar a prevalência global, por gênero e idade, do vírus do HPV em CCP. MÉTODO: Estudo transversal, retrospectivo envolvendo quatro laboratórios de patologia de Medellín, Colômbia. O exame utilizado foi o PCR GP5+/6+ e hibridização reversa. Além disso, os HPV 16 e 18 foram identificados utilizando-se PCR específica para esses tipos. RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos 175 casos primários de CCP, consecutivamente diagnosticados entre 1999 e 2008, com diagnóstico confirmado e DNA amplificado. A prevalência de HPV foi de 18,9%. O HPV foi encontrado em 23,9%, 17,5% e 13,3% dos casos de cavidade oral, laringe e orofaringe, respectivamente. Entre os casos de VPH+, 82% foram HPV 16 e 18% HPV18. A maioria dos casos foi de pessoas do sexo masculino. Nos homens, a idade de diagnóstico foi menor do que nas mulheres, principalmente naqueles de acometimento na cavidade oral. CONCLUSÃO: Os HPV 16 e 18 foram encontrados em quase 20% desses casos de CCP. O impacto da vacinação contra o HPV para a prevenção desse câncer na população merece maiores estudos.

Estimating the type-specific prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) in head and neck cancer (HNSCC) is helpful in predicting the impact of HPV immunization. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the overall prevalence, and gender and age-specific prevalence of HPV in HNSCC. METHOD: This cross sectional retrospective study was carried out in four pathology laboratories of Medellin, Colombia. HPV testing was performed by GP5+/6+ PCR-based RLB and HPV 16 and 18 type-specific PCR. RESULTS: 175 primary HNSCC cases consecutively diagnosed between 1999 and 2008 with confirmed diagnosis and amplifiable DNA were included. Overall HPV prevalence was 18.9%. HPV was found in 23.9%, 17.5% and 13.3% of the oral cavity, larynx and oropharynx cases respectively. Among HPV positive cases, 82% were HPV 16 and 18% were HPV 18. No other HPV genotypes were identified. Most patients were males. Male patients were younger that their female counterparts, particularly in oral cavity cancer cases. CONCLUSION: HPV 16 and 18 genotypes were found in nearly 20% of HNSCC cases in Colombian patients. The impact of HPV vaccination for the prevention of HNSCC in this population deserves further evaluation.

Distribución de variantes del virus del papiloma humano 16 (VPH 16) en mujeres con y sin neoplasia intraepitelial cervical grado 3 y cáncer cervical / Distribution of variants of the human papilloma virus 16 (HPV 16) in Women with and without grade 3 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical cancer

Objetivos: Describir la distribución de variantes del virus del papiloma humano 16 en mujeres con y sin neoplasia intraepitelial cervical grado 3 y cáncer cervical. Métodos: Se determinaron las variantes moleculares en casos de carcinoma escamocelular, adenocarcinoma cervical y en mujeres sin anormalidades citológicas de alto grado y positivas para el virus del papiloma humano 16. Para la detección de las variantes moleculares se amplificó el marco abierto de lectura del gen E6 del virus del papiloma humano 16 y se utilizó una técnica de hibridación reversa para la detección de los principales cambios de nucleótidos que identifican las ramas filogenéticas y las clases de variantes. Resultados:Hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la distribución de variantes de virus del papiloma humano 16. Los controles no presentaron infecciones con variantes no europeas, mientras que ellas estuvieron presentes en el 30% de los casos de carcinoma escamocelular o neoplasia intraepitelial cervical grado tres. En adenocarcinoma, el 65% de las infecciones fueron del tipo no europeo. Conclusiones: La prevalencia de variantes no europeas de virus de papiloma humano 16 fue de 31,2% en neoplasia intraepitelial cervical grado 3 y cáncer escamocelular, y de 64,1% en adenocarcinoma de cérvix, mientras que estas no se observaron en mujeres sin cáncer.

Objectives: To describe the distribution of the variants of the human papilloma virus 16 in women with and without grade 3 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical cancer. Methods: Molecular variants were established in cases of squamous cell carcinoma, cervical adenocarcinoma and in women with high grade Pap smear abnormalities who tested positive for human papilloma virus 16. For the detection of molecular variants the open reading framework for the E6 gene of the human papilloma virus 16 was amplified and a reverse hybridization technique was utilized for the detection of major changes in the nucleotides which identify the phylogenetic branches and classes of variants. Results: There were statistically significant results in the distribution of the variants of the human papilloma virus 16. Control cases showed no infections with non European variants, but they were present in 30% of squamous cell carcinoma or grade three cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. For adenocarcinoma, 65% of infections were of non European type. Conclusions: The prevalence of non European variants of the human papilloma virus 16 was 31.2% in grade 3 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and squamous cell cancer, and 64.1% in cervical adenocarcinoma; however, these were not observed among women without cancer.